๐ŸŒ China vs USA: who’s got the cards?


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Todayโ€™s briefing:
โ€” China and the US unveil a trade deal
โ€” Space relic of the day
โ€” Why you should avoid statues in the Philippines

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Sponsored by:

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Good morning Intriguer. There are weekends when nothing happens, then thereโ€™s this one, somehow featuring an India-Pakistan ceasefire, a US-China trade truce, US-Iran nuclear talks, a Hamas hostage release, and Putin saying heโ€™s open to direct Ukraine peace talks, all before that Monday frosted blueberry Pop Tart even hit your plate.

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Todayโ€™s briefing gets you up to speed on all of it, but leads with the US-China trade truce, so letโ€™s dive in.

Number of the day

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$4 billionย 

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Thatโ€™s how much cash the worldโ€™s largest EV battery-maker (Chinaโ€™s CATL) hopes to raise on the Hong Kong stock exchange, in what could be the worldโ€™s biggest listing this year.

A US-China trade truce

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The top economic representatives of the US (Scott Bessent) and China (He Lifeng) just emerged from a weekend of talks at the Swiss ambassadorโ€™s UN residence on Lake Geneva, and announced theyโ€™ll lower tariffs and de-escalate their trade war.

  • The US will cut its tariffs from 145% to 30%, whileโ€ฆ

  • China will drop its 125% tariffs to 10%.

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In practice, this means trade between the worldโ€™s two biggest economies is once again viable, though this is just a 90-day pause while they find a more permanent solution.

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In the meantime, both sides are still claiming this weekendโ€™s talks were the result of the otherโ€™s desperation, so as talks continue, itโ€™s worth exploring: who has the cards here?

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That depends on three questions:

  1. Who can find substitute goods?

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Friday saw zero US-bound ships depart China for the first time in recent history (excluding Covid), while Chinaโ€™s manufacturing activity has started to contract. Meanwhile, US ports like LA just saw arrivals drop by a third last week, and US trucking stocks have plunged.

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All that to sayโ€ฆ this trade war is moving from the front pages onto our worldโ€™s shelves. But canโ€™t we just buy from elsewhere? Sure, the US can get cheap jeans and flatscreens from (say) Bangladesh or Mexico, while China is already getting more soy from Brazil.

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The challenge, however, is when thereโ€™s no substitute: for the US, despite years of diversification efforts, it still relies on Chinaโ€™s rare earths, solar panels, and batteries, while China still needs the US for advanced chips, pharma, and key industrial chemicals.

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So, who’s got the cards? Both Beijing and DC.

  1. Who can find substitute markets?

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China is way more dependent on selling stuff to the US than vice versa:

  • China exports triple to the US what the US sells to China, and

  • China’s exports to the US alone are ~2.8% of China’s GDP (it’s <0.5% for the US)

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So, US leaders have cited these figures as evidence why China needs the US more.

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But as this trade war moves into boardrooms, Chinaโ€™s firms have already started selling a) to the US via third countries, b) to other markets, and c) back home at steep discounts (though there are costs and challenges with each).

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Itโ€™s a little trickier for the US, with its China export base more concentrated on soy, oil, jets, and chips. China is the worldโ€™s single-largest buyer across each of those categories, and thereโ€™s just nobody else out there willing or able to buy that much US soy or Boeings.

  • So, who’s got the cards? Both Beijing and DC

  1. Andโ€ฆ who can withstand the politics?

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As the head of Chinaโ€™s Communist Party, Xi can silence local reporting on the economic fallout, and quash any related unrest, while his state outlets continue to talk tough.

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As for Trump, heโ€™ll face the democratic rigours of a free press, opinion polls, and next year’s mid-terms. And that might shape his negotiation timeline or willingness to shift.

  • So, who’s got the cards? As an unelected authoritarian, Xi might just have an edge.

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Anyway, they both have some cards, which might be why theyโ€™ve both just de-escalated.

Intrigueโ€™s Take

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Americaโ€™s big bet was that, by integrating China into the global economy, the US model would win by nudging China to liberalise both its economy and its politics. But Xi has now shown an ability to do the opposite, jujitsu-ing markets to serve his own political strategy.

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But timing is everything. History might show that Xi moved too early when he abandoned Deng’s ‘hide and bide’ approach to reveal a more assertive China abroad. And history might show the US has now moved a little late in response.

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Meanwhile, the US might’ve also mis-timed its strategy: it makes sense to gather trading partners, then jointly approach China with more leverage. But that happened already โ€” it was called the Trans-Pacific Partnership and would’ve had the US at the helm of a deal covering 40% of global trade. But by the time that deal landed, US public opinion on trade had cratered, and both 2016 candidates disavowed it.

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Even if a future administration wants to revisit that kind of strategy, 2025 isn’t 2016: China is now the top trade partner for more countries than the US by ~two-to-one, and those capitals will now be more reluctant to jeopardise their China ties.

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Still, with this de-escalation, both Xi and Trump now have space to plan their next move.

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Todayโ€™s newsletter is sponsored by The Dispatch

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Meanwhile, elsewhereโ€ฆ

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๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆย UKRAINE – Zelensky and Putin to have in-person talks?
Ukraineโ€™s Volodomyr Zelensky has said heโ€™ll โ€œwait for Putin on Thursday in Turkeyโ€, after the Russian leader dangled the possibility of direct talks in Turkey to (again) side-line a Trump-proposed immediate 30-day ceasefire. (BBC)

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Comment:ย While hosting European leaders in Kyiv, Zelensky has really put Putin in a bind here: if Putin agrees to a ceasefire, he has to explain what his million casualties were for. If he again refuses, the world gets more clarity that maybe Ukraineโ€™s self-defence wasnโ€™t the problem, after all.

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๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธย UNITED STATES – Hamas to release last living US hostage.
Ahead of President Trumpโ€™s visit to the Middle East from tomorrow (Tuesday), Hamas has agreed to release Edan Alexander, a dual US-Israeli citizen, as part of what itโ€™s describing as efforts to โ€œreach a final agreement to end the warโ€. (NBC)

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๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ฑย POLAND – Warsaw says Moscow behind mall fire.
PM Donald Tusk has announced he has definitive evidence that the 2024 burning of a Warsaw shopping centre โ€œwas the result of arson ordered by Russian servicesโ€. Neighbouring Lithuania recently accused Moscow of attempting a similar attack in an Ikea store. (CNN)

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Comment:ย Europe has long accused Russia of waging a hybrid war to impose costs on the Westโ€™s support for Ukraineโ€™s self-defence. The risk of that hybrid strategy is that, at some point, it might just jolt Europe awake instead.

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๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณย INDIA Wobbly ceasefire with Pakistan holds.ย  ย 
Thereโ€™ve been mutual accusations of breaches since the US announced an India-Pakistan ceasefire on Saturday evening, but hostilities have now halted. (Guardian)

Comment: The two sides are both claiming victory but the truce doesnโ€™t appear to address the underlying drivers, like India wanting an end to cross-border terrorism โ€” and meanwhile, the real winner here might be China, whose J-10C jet downed some of Indiaโ€™s French-made Rafales. Stocks in the J-10Cโ€™s maker have soared.

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๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ฑย ALBANIA Uncertainty over election results.
In a puzzling move, Albanian outlets have yet to publish any exit polls from Sundayโ€™s critical election, with artist Edi Rama seeking an unprecedented fourth term, and pledging to bring Albania into the EU within five years. (Politico)

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๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ทย IRAN Theย US and Iran agree! (to more talks)
Wrapping their latest nuclear talks in Rome, the two sides are still far apart (Iran wants a nuclear program, the US says no), but theyโ€™re still talking. (France24)

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Comment: Trumpโ€™s two-month โ€˜deal or warโ€™ deadline for Iran expired last week, but his impending visit to Iranโ€™s rivals in the region is a way to maintain pressure.

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๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ฆย PANAMA Former president gets asylum in Colombia.
After more than a year living in Nicaraguaโ€™s embassy in Panama City, Panamaโ€™s ex-president Ricardo Martinelli is now over the border in Colombia, which has granted him asylum. He argues his money laundering conviction is political. (AP)

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Comment: These asylum deals often work along ideological lines, but we now have left-leaning Colombia helping right-leaning Martinelli. Colombiaโ€™s Petro probably wanted to bolster his regional credentials, help fellow leftist Nicaragua out of a bind, and help neighbouring Panama move on from Martinelliโ€™s destabilising presence.

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๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ซย AFGHANISTAN Taliban bans chess. ย 
The ruling groupโ€™s new chess ban claims the game could lead to gambling. (BBC)

Extra Intrigue

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๐Ÿคฃย Your weekly roundup of the worldโ€™s lighter news

Space relic of the day

The Soviet Venera 8, which looks similar to the Kosmos 482 in question. Credits: NASA.

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They say aim for the stars and you might hit the moon. So the Soviets aimed for Venus in 1972, but a malfunction meant their Kosmos 482 satellite never made it out of Earthโ€™s orbit. Thatโ€™s where it remained stuck until this Saturday morning, when it crashed back into the Indian Ocean (west of Indonesia), a half century later.

Todayโ€™s poll

Who do you think holds *more* cards?

Login or Subscribe to participate in polls.

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Thursdayโ€™s poll: Which long-term trend makes you optimistic for our future?

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๐Ÿฉบ Medical breakthroughs (23%)
๐ŸŒณ Renewable energy growth (30%)
๐Ÿ’ป Technological advancements (21%)
๐Ÿ’ธ Declining global poverty (10%)
โœ๏ธ Improving global literacy (10%)
โœ๏ธ Other (write in!) (5%)

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Your two cents:

  • โœ๏ธ N.J: โ€œOver 75 years without a nuclear war!โ€

  • ๐Ÿ’ป M.D.F: โ€œGeneral tech advancements will accelerate medical breakthroughs and renewable energy as well, while helping to lift more people out of poverty.โ€

  • ๐Ÿฉบ R.B: โ€œMedical advancements in cancer treatment and even just hip replacement has made it possible to live a longer and more enjoyable life.โ€

  • โœ๏ธ J.E: โ€œWith literacy comes innovation.โ€

  • โœ๏ธ E.K.H: โ€œMy own increasing involvement in politics. I’m tired of watching other people tear everything apart, now I’m starting to see a future where I can help rebuild it.โ€