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Today’s briefing is a 5 min read:

• 🇨🇳 How US-China rivalry is impacting the economy.

• 🌾 How extreme weather is impacting agriculture. 

• ➕ Plus: The cost of pulling out of Russia, how the papers are covering a deadline in Niger, and why Canada is so far behind on defence spending.

⏱️ Around the world in sixty seconds

1. 🇰🇵 North Korea: A Russian Air Force jet made a rare appearance in North Korea last week, fanning rumours of an arms deal between the two countries. The jet arrived days after Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu’s high-profile visit to Pyongyang.

2. 🇸🇮 Slovenia: Prime Minister Robert Golob has called for EU and NATO help after a weekend of heavy rains and fatal floods. The country is seeking special vehicles, prefabricated bridges, and five heavy military helicopters, after what the PM described as the country’s worst natural disaster of this kind.

3. 🇸🇬 Singapore: A Dutch startup claims it can lab-grow a pork sausage in eight days (the world’s fastest), with folks in Singapore able to buy the product from next year. Singapore became the world’s first country to allow the sale of lab-grown meat in 2020.

4. 🇧🇷 Brazil: President Lula da Silva is hosting leaders from the seven other Amazon countries this week. The two-day Amazon Summit (the first since 2009) focuses on challenges facing the Amazon ecosystem, which is twice the size of India.

5. 🇳🇬 Nigeria: The World Bank’s chief has said it’s co-funding 1,000 mini solar power grids throughout Nigeria’s underserved communities. Africa’s biggest economy is mainly dependent on natural gas to generate electricity.

🇨🇳 China | Geo-economics

Investment between China and the US is down

China’s investment in the US has tumbled in 2023 to its lowest level in 17 years, according to at least one measure (mergers and acquisitions).

And the trend goes both ways, with US investment into China on track to hit its lowest levels in at least five years, according to a similar measure.

It’s not just investment, either. The US has bought 24% less stuff from China this year, while China has likewise purchased less from the US (factoring in inflation).

So what’s going on? A simple answer is that commercial ties are responding to strained political ties. The US now:

• 🧾 Has tariffs on around two thirds of Chinese imports

• 🎖️ Restricts US investment into Chinese firms with military links

• 👨‍💻 Limits China’s access to certain advanced US tech, and

• 💻 Is reportedly set to announce new restrictions on investment into China’s quantum, AI and semiconductor sectors any day now.

Meanwhile for its part, China:

• 📈 Restricts certain Chinese firms from listing their shares abroad

• 🗿 Limits critical mineral exports that are key to the US tech sector

• 👮 Has raided several US-linked businesses this year, and

• ⚖️ Has long faced US allegations of unfair practices like IP theft, forced tech transfer, and vast subsidies for preferred firms.

So US-China tensions clearly make for a tough business environment.

Intrigue's take: But of course, the answer is still not quite so simple. China’s investment has dropped in multiple countries, not just the US. Its inbound investment has dropped globally, not just from US investors. And China is selling less stuff globally, not just to the US.

So US-China ties are clearly a factor, but there’s another story playing out here, too: China’s unique economic model is under pressure; its approach to the private sector has spooked businesses; and so a lot of this feels less about US-China ties, and more about China itself.

Also worth noting:

• US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said during her visit to Beijing last month that a complete US-China decoupling would be “virtually impossible” and “destabilizing for the global economy”.

• McDonald’s plans to open ~900 stores in China this year. Starbucks plans to open ~2,800 stores there within two years.

📰 How newspapers covered…

The expiry of a deadline set by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) for Niger’s coup leaders to restore the country’s president to power

Today’s newsletter is supported by: 80,000 Hours

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🌾 Global | Climate Change

Extreme weather is shaping our shopping

Crops around the world are failing or under-producing due to extreme weather events this year.

Here are just a few examples:

1. 🌡️ Heatwaves could cut Spanish olive oil production by a third

2. 🌽 Two-thirds of the soil in breadbasket US states like Iowa are either ‘short’ or ‘very short’ of their expected moisture levels, and

3. 🍚 India has implemented a partial ban on its rice exports after droughts and floods damaged rice fields in recent years.

And all those production pressures come as two of the world’s largest grain producers are locked in war.

Intrigue’s take: Farmers are an adaptive breed. Throughout history, they’ve introduced new tactics from selective breeding to drip irrigation. And they’ll adapt to climate change, too, using AI to predict crop success, vertical agriculture to maximise output, and beyond.

But these adaptations will take time. And in the meantime, food doesn’t look like it’s getting any cheaper.

Also worth noting:

• The El Niño weather pattern, which by most measures returned in June, could severely alter global agriculture over the next year.

• Some have criticised vertical farming for its high electricity usage.

🎧 Today on Intrigue Outloud

Could ethnic violence in India bring down Prime Minister Modi?

➕ Extra Intrigue

We’re very online, so you don’t have to be.

• Dutch political paralysis is impacting the EU

• Check out Bulletpitch, a venture newsletter that provides access to disruptive, early-stage startups. Subscribe for 1-minute summaries on new startups delivered to your inbox every week.

• The Islamic State still poses a threat

• Why is Canada so far behind on defence spending?

• Meet the most wanted man in Bolivia

🗳️ Poll time!

📊 Chart of the day

Hundreds of European businesses left or drastically limited their operations in Russia following its invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. As a result, they’ve recorded at least $130bn in direct losses. Some argue that the hundreds of European firms still in Russia risk incurring larger losses than those that left.

Yesterday’s poll: Are tariffs ever a justifiable trade tool?

🟨⬜️⬜️⬜️⬜️⬜️ ⚖️ Yes, if domestic producers can't compete (19%)

🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩 📖 Yes, if a trade partner is violating rules (65%)

🟨⬜️⬜️⬜️⬜️⬜️ 🏚️ No, they make everyone less well off (12%)

⬜️⬜️⬜️⬜️⬜️⬜️ ✍️ Other (write-in!) (3%)

Your two cents:

• 📖 O: “In general, tariffs hurt everyone and they suck. However, when it comes to things like human rights or unfair labour or poor treatment […] tariffs are not only warranted but, sometimes, necessary to protect the domestic economy and international interests.”

• 📖 V.S: “It is all dependent on the current national economic situation. If producer productivity is low, adding tariffs on importers would just disincentivise domestic suppliers to increase lagging productivity.”

• ✍️ N.I: “Tariffs are more often political, not economic tools. As such they rarely provide the implied results.”